{"id":8953,"date":"2017-09-06T07:54:12","date_gmt":"2017-09-06T07:54:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.neurodegenerationresearch.eu\/?p=8953"},"modified":"2017-09-06T07:54:12","modified_gmt":"2017-09-06T07:54:12","slug":"pre-clinical-study-suggests-a-novel-mechanism-of-spread-in-parkinsons-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neurodegenerationresearch.eu\/bg\/2017\/09\/pre-clinical-study-suggests-a-novel-mechanism-of-spread-in-parkinsons-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Pre-clinical study suggests a novel mechanism of spread in Parkinson’s disease"},"content":{"rendered":"

Recent research on Parkinson’s disease has focused on the gut-brain connection, examining patients’ gut bacteria, and even how severing the vagus nerve connecting the stomach and brain might protect some people from the debilitating disease.<\/p>\n

But scientists understand little about what’s happening in the gut — the ingestion of environmental toxins or germs, perhaps — that leads to brain damage and the hallmarks of Parkinson’s such as tremors, stiffness and trouble walking.<\/p>\n

Now researchers have identified a potential new mechanism in both mice and human endocrine cells that populate the small intestines. Inside these cells is a protein called alpha-synuclein, which is known to go awry and lead to damaging clumps in the brains of Parkinson’s patients, as well as those with Alzheimer’s disease.<\/p>\n

The study was published in JCI Insight<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The researchers hypothesized that an agent in the gut might interfere with alpha-synuclein in gut endocrine cells, deforming the protein. The deformed or misfolded protein might then spread via the nervous system to the brain as a prion.<\/p>\n

But how would a protein go from traveling through the inner-most ‘tube’ of the intestine, where there are no nerve cells, into the nervous system? In a 2015 study, the same researchers showed that although the main function of gut endocrine cells is to regulate digestion, these cells also have nerve-like properties.<\/p>\n

Rather than using hormones to communicate indirectly with the nervous system, these gut endocrine cells physically connect to nerves, providing a pathway to communicate directly with the nervous system and brain.<\/p>\n

With the new finding of alpha-synuclein in endocrine cells, the researchers now have a working explanation of how malformed proteins can spread from the inside of the intestines to the nervous system, using a non-nerve cell that acts like a nerve.<\/p>\n

The researchers plan to gather and examine the gut endocrine cells from people with Parkinson’s to see if they contain misfolded or otherwise abnormal alpha-synuclein. New clues about this protein could help scientists develop a biomarker that could diagnose Parkinson’s disease earlier.<\/p>\n

New leads on alpha-synuclein could also aid the development of therapies targeting the protein.<\/p>\n

Paper: \u201c\u03b1-Synuclein in gut endocrine cells and its implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease\u201d<\/a><\/strong>
\nReprinted from materials provided by Duke University Medical Center<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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